African Wild Dog Facts Diet, Behavior, Habitat

The African wild dog, or painted dog, is a fierce predator found in the open plains to dense forests of sub-Saharan Africa. The Latin name, Lycaon pictus, means painted wolf  and refers to the animals mottled coat. African wild dogs may be mostly solid-colored or painted with patches of black, brown, red, yellow, and white. Each dog has its own unique pattern, although most have a white-tipped tail that helps members of the pack find each other during a hunt. They are long-legged animals with large, rounded ears. Fast Facts: African Wild Dog Name: African wild dogScientific Name: Lycaon pictusCommon Names: African wild dog, African hunting dog, African painted dog, Cape hunting dog, painted wolf, painted hunting dogBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 28-44 inch body; 11-16 inch tailWeight: 40-79 poundsLifespan: Up to 11 yearsHabitat: Sub-Saharan AfricaPopulation: 1400Diet: CarnivoreConservation Status: Endangered Description An African wild dog has a dark muzzle and vertical line running up its forehead. Tom Broadhurst / Getty Images Some characteristics of the African wild dog set it apart from other canines. Although tall, it is the bulkiest African canine. The average dog weighs 44 to 55 pounds in East Africa and 54 to 72 pounds in southern Africa. It stands about 24 to 30 inches from the shoulder, with a 28 to 44 inch body length and 11 to 16 inch tail. Females are slightly smaller than males. The species lacks dewclaws and usually has fused middle toe pads. Its curved, blade-like lower teeth are unusual, only seen in the South American bush dog and Asian dhole. African wild dogs have different fur from other canids. The coat consists entirely of stiff bristles that the animal loses as it ages. There is no underfur. While body marking is unique to each dog, most have a black muzzle with a black line running up the forehead.  Although wild dogs communicate vocally, they lack the facial expressions and body language seen in other canids. Habitat and Distribution While the African wild dog once roamed the mountains and deserts of most of sub-Saharan Africa, its modern range is restricted to Southern Africa and southern East Africa. Groups tend to be isolated from one another. Diet African wild dogs hunt as a pack. Catherina Unger / Getty Images The African wild dog is a hypercarnivore, which means its diet consists of over 70 percent meat. Packs prefer to hunt antelope, but will also take wildebeest, warthogs, rodents, and birds. The hunting strategy depends on the prey. The pack hunts antelope by sneaking up on the herd and then running down an individual, repeatedly biting it on the legs and belly until it weakens. The wild dog can give chase for 10 to 60 minutes, running at a speed of up to 66 kilometers per hour.  L. pictus has a very high hunting success rate, with 60 to 90 percent of chases resulting in a kill. The only significant predator of the African wild dog is the lion. Spotted hyenas commonly steal L. pictus kills, but tend not to hunt the dogs. Behavior Wild dogs sneeze to vote on pack decisions. The sneeze is a sharp exhalation through the nostrils that signals assent or agreement. When a pack gathers and the dominant mating pair sneeze, departure for hunting is likely. If a less dominant dog sneezes, hunting may occur if enough members of the group also sneeze. Reproduction and Offspring Females guard their puppies from predators and other pack members, rather than hunt. Manoj Shah / Getty Images African wild dogs form strong social bonds and are found in permanent packs of adults and yearling pups. The average pack has between 4 and 9 adults, but much larger packs occur. The dominant female is usually the oldest one, while the dominant male may be either the oldest or strongest. Typically, only the dominant pair breeds. Usually, only one litter per year is born. In Southern Africa, the dogs breed in April to July, but there is no fixed breeding season in the East African packs. Mating is brief (less than one minute). Gestation is 69 to 73 days. The African wild dog has between 6 and 26 pups, which is the largest litter of any canid. The mother stays with the pups and drives away other pack members until the pups can eat solid food (3 to 4 weeks of age). Pups get to eat first once they start hunting, but lose priority once they are a year old. Once they are sexually mature, females leave the pack. The average life span of a wild dog is 11 years of age. Conservation Status At one time, African wild dogs roamed all of sub-Saharan Africa except the driest parts of the desert and the lowland forests. Now, most of the remaining dogs live in southern East Africa and Southern Africa. Only 1400 adults remain, divided into 39 subpopulations. The species is categorized as endangered because the packs are widely separated from each other and numbers continue to decline from disease, habitat destruction,  and conflict with humans. African wild dogs cannot be domesticated, although there are instances in which they have been kept as pets. Sources Bothma, J. du P. and C. Walker. Larger Carnivores of the African Savannas, Springer, pp. 130–157, 1999, ISBN 3-540-65660-XChimimba, C. T.. The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region. Cambridge University Press. pp. 474–48, 20050. ISBN 0-521-84418-5McNutt; et al. Lycaon pictus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, 2008.Walker, Reena H.; King, Andrew J.; McNutt, J. Weldon; Jordan, Neil R. Sneeze to leave: African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) use variable quorum thresholds facilitated by sneezes in collective decisions. Proc. R. Soc. B. 284 (1862): 20170347, 2017. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0347

Human Supremacy Nowhere Near Reality - 600 Words

Human Supremacy: Nowhere Near Reality Human beings have advanced to a point where survival from the outside world is almost incredibly easy. They have created cures and inventions that could enhance their everyday lifestyles. They are also the only species to modify the planet in any way they can imagine. Does that make human beings the dominant species? Because most people presume they have the right to control other animals, they presume they’re the superior species. People’s lifestyles suggest that they are doing fine. However, people often seem to forget that they are animals too. People are not superior to animals, they are just different. The belief of human superiority, also known as anthropocentrism, is vague and a biased†¦show more content†¦However, how fast humans are able to learn can be disposed by a few animals, such as dolphins (Toothman). Dolphins can quickly generalize basic words to objects that have the same characteristics. Dolphins can comprehend pointing as well. This is demonstrated by their self-awareness using mirrors to inspect marks on their bodies. Human beings and other animals are very similar to each other. Visually, most animals look different from one another. However, each animal has attributes that is found in most, if not all, animals. For example, every animal depends on nature and the planet for survival. The same way, nature treats humans just like every other animal on the planet. Humans have no immunity to natural disasters, such as earthquakes and twisters, as well as animal attacks. The action of animals magically being paralyzed if they were going to attack humans is non-existent. Attributes that people have has also been found in other animals. Such examples are building, farming, and memory (Mulcahy). It has even been thought that humans are the only animals in the animal kingdom that have emotions. Of course, this is incorrect as many examples of gratitude, loneliness, embarrassment, or grief can be shown from every animal (Lujin). People have been saying that humans have been separated from animals because o f the ability of creation for tools. However, that belief was disbanded when they observed animals such as birds, fish,Show MoreRelatedThe Great Melting Pot By Malcom X936 Words   |  4 Pagesmatter their race and origin. But in reality, America has been struggling with racism throughout it’s history. Studies show that about half of Americans believe that racism is still a big problem in our society. But despite this, racism has improved over the years. Contemporary America is a better society in terms of discrimination than it was in the 1960’s. In the 60’s racism was so severe that African Americans had to face racial segregation, white supremacy and unequal opportunities. 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Sop313 Essay Work Route Out Of Poverty - 1645 Words

Damien Russell B00643639 Social Policy SOP313 Poverty and Social Security Is work a route out of poverty? In recent years there has been much debate on the subject of work and is work the true route out of poverty? This piece of work will show both sides of the story as in how people look at the topic from government officials to the common person. It will look at policies that government have set to get people back to work. This piece of work will look at a number of different sources. There are many that still believe that staying on benefits is the best choice for them and there is much evidence to support this point as well, this point can be seen more and more in the last 7 or 8 years,†¦show more content†¦In truth, there are millions who still live in a poor household and this is even when there is at least one occupant that is in a full time job, these people are still in poverty because wages are not keeping up with the rate of infliction. In recent years the number of household that are working and that are still in poverty has actually increased. Although in recent yea rs the number of households that have no one working in them and that were in poverty has declined, so it can be seen that in some cases work is not the route out of poverty. Buck, (2008) The more you look into this subject in depth the more you see that there seems to be no way out of poverty even if the person is working in a full time job. The state of the nation report which was done by Alan Milburn suggests that work is no longer the way out of poverty because of the rise in day to day living which has been rising for many years, but the minimum wages has not being keeping up with this rise. Alan Milburn believe that to help with the minimum wage, the winter fuel allowance should be cut. He pointed out that pensioners are not affected by the down turn as much as younger people that are still working. This point was seen to be citizen heavily. Alan Miburn also say in the report that there should be more of a performance-related pay for teachers and many other jobs. The

My Personal Philosophy Of Education - 997 Words

Philosophy of Education Discovering the place where personal values and expertise meet organizational values and needs offers a dynamic partnership opportunity. Mutual achievement of organizational academic quality and professional fulfillment provides a positive learning environment. Developing a personal philosophy of education enables an educator to understand and communicate the underlying basis for his or her approach to education. Sharing this philosophy provides valuable information for organizational leaders and educators to evaluate the fit between an educator and an institution. With this intent in mind, my philosophy of education is described through a discussion of mission, learning theory, and personal approach to education. Mission and Vision Evaluating the mission and vision of an organization is helpful in determining the fit between an educator and an academic institution. Baylor University is an organization that fits my personal mission and vision, and its mission reads as follows: â€Å"The mission of Baylor University is to educate men and women for worldwide leadership and service by integrating academic excellence and Christian commitment within a caring community† (Baylor University, n.d.a). The strategic 5-year vision for Baylor University (n.d.b) is designed around specific goals in five themes: Transformational education, compelling scholarship, informed engagement, committed constituents, and judicious stewardship. Baylor University resonatesShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1476 Words   |  6 Pages871 Foundations of Higher Education Summer 2015 Instructor: Joel Abaya, PhD Personal Philosophy of Education Submitted by: Wessam Elamawy . Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction: From the very beginning of my life I recognized the importance of higher education. I am 34 years old. I am Egyptian. 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Essay on the Conflicts, Climax and Resolution in...

The Conflicts, Climax and Resolution in â€Å"The Rappaccini’s Daughter† This essay will analyze Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Rappaccini’s Daughter† to determine the conflicts in the tale, their climax and resolution, using the essays of literary critics to help in this interpretation. In the opinion of this reader, the central conflict – the relation between the protagonist and antagonist usually(Abrams 225) - in the tale is an internal one within Giovanni between his love for Beatrice and his Puritan belief in the depravity of man. His love for the beautiful daughter blinds him to various indications of her poisonous nature, to the evil nature of her father and to the intent of her father to involve Giovanni as a†¦show more content†¦The reader sees another character enter the tale with the doctor’s shout â€Å"in the infirm voice of a person affected with inward disease, -- `’Beatrice! Beatrice!’ From his window Giovanni sees approaching the doctor’s daughter â€Å"beautiful as the day, and with a bloom so deep and vivid that one shade more would have been too much.† Her abilities are exceptional because it is apparent to Giovanni that â€Å"she handled and inhaled the odor of several of the plants which her f ather had most sedulously avoided.† Beatrice exhibits an especially close relationship to the purple gem plant, which Rappaccini is too fearful of tending anymore: ``Yes, my sister, my splendour, it shall be Beatrices task to nurse and serve thee; and thou shalt reward her with thy kisses and perfumed breath, which to her is as the breath of life. Beatrice is slowly developed into a round character, not as round as Giovanni however. When the main character awakens the following morning, the

Cyber Crime Australian Case and its Analysis

Questions: 1. What is cybercrime?2. Describe the Australian case and its analysis?3. Who conducts cybercrime?4. How can challenges in tackling cybercrime? Answers: Introduction In present world, no human life is untouched by the impact of technology. It will be not wrong to say, that use of technology today has become an extremely integral part of our lives. Our increase in dependence on technology has made it an increasingly consolidated platform, which has completely transformed the way business and communication is being done among human beings, this has left us exposed to the threats of cybercrime (Yar, 2013). It will not be wrong to say, that at some level we as human beings are now becoming complacent towards cybercrime and its threat, and to a large extent we have left everything on technology to take care of. It is a situation where too much faith is being put on technology rather than addressing the problem itself (Anderson et al, 2012). In this essay, focus will be on understanding the concept of cybercrime through case study of Australias largest copyright infringement case. As per this case, three university students, from one of the leading universities in Australia, received criminal sentences for running a website named MP3/WMA Land, which offered more than 2000 pirated songs for free download. Over last twenty years, technology has completely revolutionized the human lives. However, unscrupulous use of information technology to commit crimes has also increased significantly. With time, phenomenon of cybercrime has become more sophisticated and menacing in nature. This work/essay seeks to define the concept of cybercrime and identify several arguments/rationale associate with it, so that there can be a logical understanding established on this topic of Cybercrime. 1. Cyber Crime According to KPMGs report (2014) on this topic, cybercrime can be identified as illegal digital activities, which are mainly targeted towards organisations and in some cases individuals to cause harm in several ways 9 Loader Thomas, 2013). Cybercrime can be considered as an umbrella term which includes several methods to target or attach a potential victim by cyber criminals. In present world cybercrime can vary from basic illegal tasks such as defacing a website, to grave activities such as e-banking related or financial frauds of high level (Ngo Paternoster, 2011, pp.773-793). Main factor which has indirectly supported the spread of cybercrime is internet. Internet as a technology, over last few years has been rapidly engulfing every aspect human lives, and has grown tremendously as an area of technical infrastructure development. That is why, today ICT (Information and Communications Technology) can be termed as omnipresent in our lives. Whether it is sending a simple e-mail, or doing a complex banking transaction, everywhere information is exposed on the communication network (Herley, 2014). This high level of digitization with support of internet has resulted into large level of exposure of information which, earlier used to be much secure in non-digitized format. High level of internet penetration, has definitely helped the human lives more convenient, but this has also resulted into the fact that today any type of information can be exploited for illegal use by category of people known as cybercriminals. These cybercriminals are the one who indulge in committing cybercrime (Shrivastav, 2013). 2. Australian case and its analysis Australian case of piracy is also a type of cybercrime. In order to understand this crime related to piracy it is first important to understand the digital music world. In present scenario, singers and other artists release their song over internet which are purchased by millions of people resulting into revenue generation. However, if a cybercriminal uploads this song for free download, then it becomes obvious that all free download will result into loss of millions of dollars for the artist and the label under which he might be working (McGee Byington, 2013). In case of international and popular artists, this situation can be even more serious. That is why music labels today take extra precautions to protect their digital properties, and have dedicated legal teams to tackle such cases (Hyman, 2013, pp.18-20). In the Australian case of piracy, two student were sentenced for 18-months with a heavy penalty of $ 5000 per person, whereas third participant in their group was given 200 hours of community service. Many people today advocate the concept of free internet, which means that people should be able to get songs, movies and other digital content free of cost. However, ethically and financially it is not justified and incorrect. For example of all the 2000 songs uploaded by the cyber-pirates on their website, each song if downloaded through legal route would have generated significant amount of revenue. It is important to understand that creation of content, its marketing and promotion is a significant cost to the label as well as the artist. However this example of piracy reflects the fact that how cybercriminal can cause damage financially (Australia, 2012). People might also argue, that above case of piracy cannot be counted as a cybercrime, as people indulged in it didnt generated any profit or advantage for themselves. However, in world of cybercrime, it is necessary to understand that cybercrimes are not just committed for gaining any profit or advantage. There are several cyber criminals who conduct cybercrime out of the feeling to prove their expertise which is not justified. In this argument of cybercrime and Australian case it is important to understand that there is one party which is suffering a monetary loss because of someone elses unauthorized activity. That is why, it becomes important to identify the intent in case of a cybercrime activity. People might assume that downloading free songs over internet is a harmless activity. However it is important to understand that it is as criminal as compared to any other cybercrime. There are several music labels in world today, which collapsed completely, just because they were unable to handle the problem of piracy. Songs and movies are pirated, and millions of people across globe download them, which ultimately results into a major loss for the producer/composer/studio etc. In such situation, it becomes essential to categorize the cybercrime activities. Following is the classification: Computer related offences Offences related to copyrights Offences related to confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems. Offences related to content This has been done in below section. Up till now cybercrime is mostly related with the financial information related crime or any government information use. People generally do not pay much attention to cases like the one mentioned above. 3. Who conducts cybercrime As mentioned in above section, that cybercriminals are the one who commit cybercrime. However cyber criminals is also an umbrella term, which means within cybercriminal group there can be people such as disgruntled employees, experienced hacker, organised cybercrime syndicates to an enemy government (Levin Ilkina, 2013). Impact of cybercrime can be understood by the fact that, today enemy countries indulge from time to time into cyber warfare. In cyber warfare there is dedicated teams of cyber criminals whose main task is to destroy or impact enemys digital infrastructure, such as banking sites, classified information etc. Biggest irony in this entire concept of cybercrime is the fact, that business organisations that develops counter-applications to tackle these issues claim for 100% security from any such cyber threat. Software applications such as firewall, anti-virus, anti-spam etc. are being sold in the market with this 100% security claim, which is practically not possible, and ideally it should never be the target as well (Australia, 2012). Because rather than completely relying on the technology itself, one must setup and develop capability which can deal with such incidents, and threats or loss can be minimised accordingly (Brahme Joshi, 2013, pp.534-545). 4. Challenges in tackling cybercrime It is surprising for many people, who believe that despite of having cutting edge technology we are yet to eradicate the menace of cybercrime from the technological landscape. However, despite various support available, there are several challenges in handling cybercrime. These challenges are as follows: Dependency on ICT: Majority of our everyday communication depends a lot on the ICT and various other internet based devices and services. Today, day-to-day aspects of life such as management of car parking system, banking, supply of energy, telecommunication etc. is channelized and supported through use of ICT. However existing technological infrastructure has several loopholes. For example homogeneity of the operating systems on which these services run. Hence in such situation the cybercriminal can launch a single attack due to his expertise on the platform, and can exploit the system. In such cases, adequate strategies are required in the place, so that counter measures can be taken against any such attack (Filshtinskiy, 2013, pp.28-30). Missing control mechanism: Presently except few international organisations in several industries, majority of the organisations are even not aware of threat perception to their information assets (Reyes et al, 2011). Even if they are aware, then they are not aware of the fact that how any potential attack on their assets should be thwarted. In such scenario, lack of awareness becomes a major challenge to handle such scenario. Organisations do not have proper control mechanism to handle any situation of cyber-attack. Most of the organisations are ill-prepared, and this at times lead to major loss of information due to attacks by cyber criminals. Hence it is important that high level of awareness is created, regarding setting up a proper control mechanism to handle such issues. No location constraints and presence on the crime site: Unlike traditional crime scenario where there is specific location where the crime is committed, and there has to be some presence at the crime site in order to commit the crime, in cyber-crime, situation is exactly opposite. A cybercriminal while sitting in a remote part of world can siphon of millions of dollars from a bank in other part of world. Due to boundaries of international laws and regulations it becomes extremely challenging and time consuming for the agencies to coordinate on such cases (Broadhurst Choo, 2011). Often investigation leads to no end resulting in further motivation for the cybercriminals. Future Conclusion One thing is sure, cybercrime activities extremely hard to stop or eradicate completely. It is a reality of information technology dominate lives of human being. However, rather than focusing on its eradication, security agencies and organisations can work together to come up with host of technology protocols which can enable in reducing the threat from cybercriminals. Multi-national corporations should work on establishing a communication protocol for business transactions and activities (Maheshwari et al, 2011). More importantly, it is necessary to create significant amount of awareness among people about the threat from cybercrime. There are vast number of people who are still unaware of threat perception from cybercrime and assume them to be insulated, until one fine day they become victim of some cybercrime activity. Hence, creating awareness and setting up a proper control mechanism at individual as well as organisational level should be the first step towards reduction in the cybercrime related activities. Secondly, government and agencies across the world should come together to draft a common law to tackle any criminal activity related to cybercrime, this will help in reducing the time consumer for investigation and will also create a sense of fear in minds of cybercriminals. References Anderson, R., Barton, C., Bhme, R., Clayton, R., van Eeten, M., Levi, M., ... Savage, S. (2012, June). Measuring the Cost of Cybercrime. In WEIS. Australia, C. E. R. T. (2012). Cyber Crime Security Survey Report 2012. Brahme, A. M., Joshi, S. B. (2013). A review of cyber crime: An ever growing threat and its influence on society IT sector. International Journal of Managment, IT and Engineering, 3(7), 534-545. Broadhurst, R., Choo, K. K. R. (2011). Cybercrime and Online Safety in Cyberspace (Doctoral dissertation, Routledge). Filshtinskiy, S. (2013). Cybercrime, cyberweapons, cyber wars: is there too much of it in the air?. Communications of the ACM, 56(6), 28-30. Herley, C. (2014). Security, cybercrime, and scale. Communications of the ACM, 57(9), 64-71. Hyman, P. (2013). Cybercrime: it's serious, but exactly how serious?. Communications of the ACM, 56(3), 18-20. Levin, A., Ilkina, D. (2013). International Comparison of Cyber Crime. Loader, B. D., Thomas, D. (2013). Cybercrime: Security and Surveillance in the Information Age. Kindle Edition. Maheshwari, H., Hyman, H. S., Agrawal, M. (2011). A Comparison of Cyber-Crime Definitions in India and the United States. McGee, J. A., Byington, J. R. (2013). How to Counter Cybercrime Intrusions. Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance, 24(5), 45-49. Ngo, F. T., Paternoster, R. (2011). Cybercrime victimization: An examination of individual and situational level factors. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 5(1), 773-793. Reyes, A., Brittson, R., O'Shea, K., Steele, J. (2011). Cyber crime investigations: bridging the gaps between security professionals, law enforcement, and prosecutors. Syngress. Shrivastav, A. K. (2013). ICT Penetration and Cybercrime in India: A Review. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering. Yar, M. (2013). Cybercrime and society. Sage.

An Episode from Picket Fences free essay sample

A review of the episode, Blood Brothers from the television show, Picket Fences. The paper discusses the plot of the episode, Blood Brothers from the TV show Picket Fences. It shows that the episode contains two basic plots that intersect more on a thematic level, rather than in terms of their story and in both plots, the question of what it means to be loyal to another individual is called into question. This frequent, thematic childhood conflict between the strictures of the law and between the heart is played out in a much more stark fashion in the episodes dominant plot. The District Attorney must mull whether his ultimate ties are to the law he has sworn to uphold, as a lawyer and as a public servant, hold sway over the emotional ties he has to the individual fleeing the law. Perhaps this is one reason why the author chose not only to tie these two stories together in one episode, but also to touch the theme of loyalty at all. We will write a custom essay sample on An Episode from Picket Fences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This conflict is one, the writer may have assumed, that every individual viewer has experienced on some level, in some fashion, throughout his or her life.